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- DESIGN, Page 66Look, Mickey, No Kitsch!
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- Disney has become the world's foremost patron of high-profile
- architecture
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- By KURT ANDERSEN
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- As architects began rediscovering the virtues of color
- and history and whimsy a decade ago, the buildings that
- resulted were often derided as cartoonish exercises in kitschy
- nostalgia. Disneyesque became a standard pejorative applied to
- the work of such post-Modernists as Michael Graves and Robert
- A.M. Stern. Now, rather suddenly, the figure of speech is biting
- back: under chairman Michael Eisner, Disney has become the
- premiere patron of architecture of the late 20th century,
- commissioning major works by a majority of the world's most
- celebrated architects.
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- Disneyites occupy a zany new Neoclassical corporate
- headquarters that Graves designed in Burbank, Calif. (the Seven
- Dwarfs, each cast 19 ft. tall in concrete, support the
- pediment). In December the first guests checked into Stern's two
- ersatz-turn-of-the-century hotels at Disney World in Lake Buena
- Vista, outside Orlando. May marked the opening of the most
- interesting of the Disney architecture, an administration
- building in Lake Buena Vista by Arata Isozaki. And at Euro
- Disney outside Paris, where a $4.1 billion theme park and resort
- will open next spring, buildings designed by Graves, Stern,
- Frank Gehry and Antoine Predock are all under construction.
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- Eisner's rationale for hiring practically every famous
- architect on earth is complicated: part corporate imagemaking,
- part personal enthusiasm and part a natural extension of the new
- Disney self-confident show-biz relentlessness. And there is some
- enlightened despotism thrown in. "It costs the same to do well
- as badly," Eisner claims. "It's exactly the same price if you
- build 1,200 ugly rooms."
-
- Shortly after arriving at Disney in 1984, Eisner had his
- first working dinner with some of the company's executives and
- offhandedly suggested they build a hotel in the shape of Mickey
- Mouse. They were shocked -- and galvanized. But some of the Old
- Guard was not amused. Ground had already been broken at Epcot
- for a new hotel complex, and Disney's partner in the proj ect
- was determined to hire a conventional architect to create a
- conventionally upscale hotel -- a meretricious riot of Trumpian
- brass and glass. Eisner, however, wanted Graves, at the time the
- hottest architect in the country, to design the 758-room Swan
- and the 1,514-room Dolphin. "I said, `Look, we're an
- entertainment company.' " Eisner got his architect, and the
- Disney adventure in big-time, high-profile design had begun.
-
- "We're Disney. We've got to have the biggest, the best,
- the most tasteful," says Eisner. Most tasteful is a new Disney
- superlative, yet taste and aesthetic surprise and a certain
- rigor are what make the recent architectural fantasies more than
- Vegas kitsch or shopping-mall saccharine.
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- Disney has a reputation among architects (as among
- filmmakers) for tightfistedness and micromanagement. On each
- project Eisner is brought in five times to review the plans,
- approving masonry textures, paint colors and light fixtures. One
- reason the chairman says he meddles more in the design of a
- hotel than he does, for instance, in the production of The
- Marrying Man is that "movies go away, but buildings stand as
- monuments to your bad taste." Plus he thinks he's good at
- inspiring architects. "I know how to make creative people see
- that something is not as good as they can do. Or I tell
- architects, `Don't give up. Don't accommodate.' "
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- Eisner is ambitious in the best sense. Like the founder of
- his company, or an overgrown child, he thinks big and will not
- take no for an answer. He wants to redeem Walt Disney's dream
- for Epcot -- it was supposed to be an Experimental Prototype
- Community of Tomorrow -- by creating a new town on 3,800 acres
- at the southern end of his Florida fiefdom. Eisner's vision is
- a mixture of the predictable ("the biggest mall in Florida"),
- the high-minded ("I've been obsessed with creating a new
- chautauqua") and the intriguingly original ("We want to build
- workplaces, pilot factories"). He has already rejected schemes
- by Stern and Gwathmey Siegel. A design competition going on
- among Helmut Jahn, Charles Moore, Aldo Rossi and the firms
- Arquitectonica, Morphosis and Kohn Pedersen Fox has so far
- produced accepted designs by Jahn, Moore and Rossi. Trying to
- realize this biggest dream has been "a nightmare," Eisner says.
- He doesn't know exactly what he wants, but he wants it to be
- amazing, and he wants it badly.
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